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You've decided on a domain name
for your new business, and the domain is already
registered and for sale. How much should you be willing to pay? This is
becoming a common question, as so many quality domain names have
already been taken. While there is no scientific method to determine a
precise value for any domain name, there are some considerations that
go into determining a reasonable value for that domain name you want.
Here, we learn about some of the techniques professional domain
appraisal companies utilize to ply their trade.
Valuation Factors
There
are quite a few technical factors that determine what a domain
name is worth, and there are differences of opinion as to the relative
importance of the various factors. Here we will examine a number of
commonly considered parameters in domain valuation. This collection is
not necessarily meant to be all-inclusive, but is instead intended to
give you a flavor of many of the fine points to consider.
One
of the most important considerations in valuing a domain name is the
"TLD," or Top Level Domain. This is the extension that appears at the
end of the domain name, such as .com, .net, .org, etc. All other things
being equal, a .com name will generally sell for about four times the
otherwise equivalent domain in one of the other common global
extensions, such as .net, .org, and .info. The .mobi
extension, utilized for content to be delivered to mobile devices, is
rapidly gaining popularity and value, especially for domain names
suitable for such devices. Some country specific domains, such as
.co.uk and .de (
Germany)
are very prestigious, and can also command high prices in
certain cases. The .tv
extension, later to hopefully be used in connection with internet
enabled TV, results only occasionally in high value sales at current
(until hardware, distribution, and media companies resolve their mutual
"cut of the pie" concerns, there is likely to be little content to
drive this market).
An
extremely important consideration in the value of a domain name
is the number of words it contains. Single "real word" domains (no
misspellings or abbreviations), especially in easily monetizable internet industries,
can be enormously valuable, particularly in the .com extension. Two
word domains, again without misspellings or abbreviations, can also be
quite valuable, as long as the domain name can easily be monetized, and
the TLD is of high quality. Values really plunge when you get to three
words or more.
Domains containing misspellings, abbreviations,
hyphens, characters not on a standard keyboard, and other oddities
often have very little value. Also, domains containing phrases that are
trademarked may be worth nothing, as the trademark owner may go to
court and may be able to summarily confiscate the domain.
The
extent to which a domain can be monetized has a major impact on its
value. Domains in the sex, financial, and health industries often top
the list in terms of high value sales. Domains related to industries
that cannot easily generate revenue on the web will usually have little
value.
Generic
domains
tend to be more valuable than non-generic ones. A generic domain is one
that contains only real words (ones you can find in a dictionary), and
has no contribution from proper names (first or last). Generic .com
domain names in highly monetizable
industries can be immensely valuable, and are for the most part very
hard to obtain (without spending a lot of money!).
The
number of letters in a domain name also affects its value. Three
letter .com names can be quite valuable, even if they mean nothing.
Four letter .com names usually need to be pronounceable to have value,
but they need not necessarily be real words in the dictionary (cool
sounding four letter .com names can be very brandable,
even if they are made up). When you get to five letters or more, value
is driven by quality of the word or words (generic vs. non-generic, monetizable vs. non- monetizable, etc.). Once you
start getting over 8-9 letters, value tends to decrease a lot, unless
the name is highly monetizable.
The
extent to which a domain can be branded may be very important in
determining value. Domain names that are easy to say and remember, easy
to type in, highly reflective of predictable monetizable
content, and/or generate a lot of "type-in" traffic (people typing your
domain name directly into the address box in their browser rather than
finding your domain via a search engine) are highly sought after, and
may transact for significant sums.
The
size and profitability of the market to which the domain name
applies is also important. This directly impacts how easily the domain
name can be monetized. Needless to say, products and services that do
not lend themselves to e-commerce (directly, or indirectly through
selling ad space) will most often have little value.
We
could go on almost forever listing factors that impact the value of a
domain, but the above gives you a sense of what to consider.
Where's
The Beef?
You'll notice the discussion thus far has presented no magic formulas
for computing the right price to pay for your new domain name. I would
love to give you a cool formula with lots of neat math symbols, but
sadly things aren't that simple or elegant. In order to understand what
you are going to have to pay, you need to learn a few things about the
domain aftermarket.
First, there is way more supply than
demand. This at first may sound encouraging, but unfortunately it
isn't. Most domain resellers are very inexperienced, and tend to price
their domains way too high, and as a result drive buyers away. Haggling
often results in little movement in the price.
Second, the really great names, one or
two real word .com domains in high traffic, high margin internet
sectors are essentially all bought up. They do sometimes become
available for sale, but always at extravagant prices.
Third, you have to be very careful
when buying non-generic domain names (domains containing words that are
not in the dictionary, or domains containing words that are in the
dictionary but combine to form an unusual phrase that the courts will
not consider "public domain"). These domains may be protected by a
trademark. In such cases, the trademark owner can sue for ownership in
court, and quite possibly be able to confiscate your domain without
remuneration.
The
Bottom Line
At
this point you're probably wondering how
much to pay for that domain on the aftermarket. As stated above, there
is no precise formula for that. However, some broad conclusions can be
drawn based on the above principles, via reference to contemporary
sales history. The basic idea is that I can provide you with
anticipated price ranges (rather broad ones) that seem to be well in
sync with recent domain auction closings.
At
the very top of the spectrum, you have one word, and very
high quality two word, generic domains in easily monetizable internet sectors.
These may sell for $100,000 USD or more, and will usually have .com
extensions, although occasionally some will be in other high value TLD's (such as .net, ,org, .info, .mobi, .co.uk, and .de). The very
best of these domains may approach $10,000,000.
Global (non-country specific) TLD's other than .com's rarely sell for more than
$100,000. The best of these, again one word and very high quality two
word generic domains in easily monetizable
internet sectors, usually sell for between $10,000 and $100,000, but
sometimes may go as high as about $250,000. The best country specific
extensions, mainly .co.uk and .de, lend themselves to the same kind of
pricing as the non-.com global TLD's
($10,000 - $100,000). Some excellent domains in the .eu (Europe), .se (
Sweden),
.tv (
Tuvalu),
and .ch (
Switzerland)
extensions are starting to command these prices too.
Every
week,
there are several dozen sales of .com domains in the $10,000 to
$100,000 range. These tend to be one to two word generics, but not as
easily monetizable as
the ones that sell for over $100,000.
There
is an active aftermarket in two to three word .com names that are long
(10 letters or more) and sell for $2,000 to $10,000. These tend to be
generic, although some non-generics may be found here as well. These
domains will in general be harder to monetize than the more premium
names, either due to industry (not a high profit internet sector) or
scope (serve only a subset of a larger sector).
There
is also a market in global TLD's
other than .com's
in the $2,500 to $10,000 range. .net's and .mobi's
tend to dominate this space, although you will also find .org's
and .info's here. These
are generally one to two word generics that are less monetizable than their otherwise
equivalent brethren that sell for more.
Certain
country specific domains tend to sell in the $1,000 to $10,000 range.
These tend to be one word or short two word generics in the most
attractive country extensions (especially .co.uk, .de, .eu, and .tv).
Needless to say, these are not as monetizable
as their more premium brethren.
If
the domain you want does not fall into one of the
above categories, you should think long and hard before spending more
than $2,000 or so. Admittedly, there will be times when purchasing a
particular non-generic name may be unavoidable (e.g., you already have
an offline business name which is not trademarked, and need the
corresponding domain for your online presence). The key point here is
that absent proof of pre-existing heavy traffic, and/or profits from an
already deployed web site at the domain, these names are just not that
valuable.
In
Closing
The
main consideration should be that unless you have a truly urgent need
to obtain a specific domain, you should use common sense principles and
not overpay. Remember, in spite of the fact that so many good names are
taken; most domains just sit and wait at aftermarkets
like Sedo and Afternic because of the vast
supply overhang. If the owners of the domain you want will not sell for
a reasonable price, try
to be creative and find alternatives, like using a different TLD,
pluralizing, reordering the phrase words, etc.
The
internet domain market will never lend itself to
discounted cash flow pricing like financial securities, and the value
of a domain is really nothing more than what the market will bear.
Ultimately, values are determined by sale prices of similar domains.
This information has hopefully armed you with that knowledge so you can
negotiate with confidence.
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